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早发性卵巢功能不全(primary ovarian insufficiency,POI)是一种由多种因素引起的以内分泌改变为特征的疾病，其发生与颗粒细胞(granulosa cell,GC)凋亡调控失衡密切相关。GC过度凋亡会破坏卵泡微环境稳态，加速卵泡储备耗竭，进而诱发卵巢功能减退及内分泌失调，最终导致POI。全球女性POI患病率已达3.5%～3.7%，并且出现早龄化现象，现已成为全球日益严重的公共卫生问题。目前普遍认为，POI的病因涉及遗传、免疫、医源性以及环境等多种因素，但具体的病理生理分子机制仍未完全阐明，尤其是GC凋亡在POI发生发展过程中的具体调控机制仍需深入探索。因此，本文从表观现象及外部致病因素、经典调控通路、跨通路整合机制三个层面展开综述，系统阐述了通过调控线粒体途径、死亡受体途径、内质网应激通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路、激素相关的信号通路等不同的信号通路诱导或抑制GC凋亡，最终对POI产生影响的机制，并探讨了线粒体自噬与卵巢GC凋亡之间的复杂生理关系、非编码RNA[主要是微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)]以及表观遗传学调控与转录因子在其中的调控机理。这些发现不仅为POI病理生理过程中的分子机制提供了新的见解，也为将来疾病的诊断和治疗提供了新的靶点和思路。
Abstract：Primary ovarian insufficiency( POI) is an endocrine alteration disease caused by multiple factors, which is closely related to an imbalance in the regulation of apoptosis in granulosa cells( GC). Excessive apoptosis of GC has been demonstrated to disrupt the homeostasis of the follicular microenvironment, accelerate the depletion of follicular reserves, and subsequently induce ovarian function decline and endocrine disorders, ultimately leading to POI. The global prevalence of POI among women has been documented as ranging from 3. 5% to 3. 7%, and there is an observed trend of premature aging. This phenomenon has now evolved into a pervasive and pressing public health concern on a global scale. The prevailing opinion among researchers is that the etiology of POI is multifactorial in nature, involving a combination of genetic factors, immune-related mechanisms, and potentially iatrogenic and environmental influences. However, the specific pathophysiological molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated, especially the specific regulatory mechanism of GC apoptosis in the occurrence and development of POI, which requires further exploration. The present article thus expounds on the induction/inhibition of GC apoptosis through the regulation of different signaling pathways, including the mitochondrial pathway, the death receptor pathway, the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and the hormone-related signaling pathways. This exposition is conducted from three distinct perspectives, such as apparent phenomena and external pathogenic factors, classical regulatory pathways, and cross-pathway integration mechanisms. In conclusion, the study demonstrated a significant impact on POI, while concurrently investigating the intricate physiological interplay between mitophagy and apoptosis of ovarian GC. Furthermore, it delved into the regulatory mechanisms of non-coding RNAs, predominantly microRNA( miRNA), epigenetic modifications, and transcription factors implicated in this process. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological processes of POI, and provide new targets and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of future diseases.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13417/j.gab.045.000001
中图分类号:R711.75
引用信息:
[1]蒋蓉,苏晶晶,隋世燕.颗粒细胞凋亡导致早发性卵巢功能不全的调控机理研究进展[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2026,45(01):1-15.DOI:10.13417/j.gab.045.000001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(32260865); 云南省和大理州科技人才与平台(专家工作站)计划项目(202305AF150083、202305B040034); 云南省科技人才与平台计划项目(202305AC160037); 云南省科技厅基础研究计划项目(202101BA070001-202)共同资助
2025-12-25
2025-12-25
2025-12-25