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2026, 02, v.45 303-319
甘蓝型油菜对氮素利用的生理响应、分子机制与改良途径
基金项目(Foundation): 农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD04072)资助
邮箱(Email): dgd@mail.hzau.edu.cn;
DOI: 10.13417/j.gab.045.000303
发布时间: 2026-02-24
出版时间: 2026-02-24
网络发布时间: 2026-02-24
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摘要:

甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)是我国重要的油料作物,对氮素的需求高,在农业生产中一直存在氮素利用效率低的问题。施用氮肥保障作物产量与品质的同时,也对经济与环境构成威胁。本文通过比较不同氮效率油菜的差异,系统综述了油菜氮素利用的生理响应与分子机制。生理方面,氮高效品种通常具有更发达的根系、更高的光合速率与氮代谢酶活性,从而增强氮吸收与同化能力。分子层面,编码硝酸盐转运蛋白及氨基酸转运蛋白相关基因(如Bna NRT1.1、 Bna NRT2.1、Bna NRT1.5、 Bna AAP1)的表达在氮高效品种中显著上调,转录因子(如Bna C9.bHLH35、 Bna A5.AIB、 Bna A9.WRKY47)参与调控氮素吸收、转运与再分配过程,两者协同实现油菜的氮素高效利用。同时,本文总结了利用GWAS、 QTL定位、 BSA等遗传学方法挖掘氮高效基因;通过根际有益微生物调控,增强氮素吸收;优化氮肥管理,包括精准施氮、改进施肥方式及推广控释尿素等途径以提高油菜氮素利用。旨在为构建氮素高效利用的油菜种质提供遗传改良方向,以及探索通过新途径改良油菜的氮素利用效率,为推动农业绿色可持续发展提供理论支撑。

Abstract:

Rapeseed(Brassica napus) is an important oil crop in China,with high nitrogen(N) demand,and has consistently faced issues of low nitrogen utilization efficiency in agricultural production.The application of N fertilizers ensures crop yield and quality but also poses threats to both the economy and the environment.This article systematically reviews the physiological response and molecular mechanisms of N utilization in rapeseed by comparing the differences in N efficiency.Physiologically,N efficient varieties typically have more developed roots,higher photosynthetic rates,and N metabolism enzyme activities,thereby enhancing N absorption and assimilation capabilities;At the molecular level,the expression of genes encoding nitrate transporters and amino acid transporters(such as BnaNRT1.1,BnaNRT2.1,BnaNRT1.5,BnaAAP1) is significantly upregulated in N efficient varieties.Transcription factors(such as BnaC9bHLH35,BnaA5.AIIB,BnaA9.WRKY47) are involved in regulating N uptake,transport,and redistribution processes,and the two work together to achieve efficient N utilization in rapeseed.Meanwhile,this article summarizes the use of genetic methods such as genome-wide association study(GWAS),quantitative trait locus(QTL) mapping,and bulked segregant analysis(BSA) to identify N efficient genes;By regulating beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere,N absorption can be enhanced;Optimize N fertilizer management,including precise N application,improving fertilization methods,and promoting controlled-release urea to enhance N utilization in rapeseed.Aim to provide genetic improvement direction for constructing rapeseed germplasm with efficient N utilization and explore new ways to improve the N utilization efficiency of rapeseed,providing theoretical support for promoting green and sustainable agricultural development.

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基本信息:

DOI:10.13417/j.gab.045.000303

中图分类号:S565.4

引用信息:

[1]宋海利,任璐璐,井一丹,等.甘蓝型油菜对氮素利用的生理响应、分子机制与改良途径[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2026,45(02):303-319.DOI:10.13417/j.gab.045.000303.

基金信息:

农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD04072)资助

发布时间:

2026-02-24

出版时间:

2026-02-24

网络发布时间:

2026-02-24

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