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可变剪切是调节基因表达和产生蛋白质组多样性的重要机制,是导致真核生物基因和蛋白质数量较大差异的重要原因。可变剪切在真核生物中普遍存在,由多种转录和转录后调控机制协调控制,并在组织和物种特异性分化模式中起关键作用。基因表达过程中发生的可变剪切事件直接影响顺式作用元件的作用和定位,并对生物的生长发育、信号转导、生物和非生物胁迫等过程都具有重要的调控作用。在进化过程中,一些剪接体是有益的,可以作为功能性可变剪切(alternative splicing, AS)事件被保留。但如何区分剪接错误与生物功能性的可变剪切事件仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。可变剪切的功能与机制的研究,不但为培育营养元素高效利用的作物品种提供了理论依据,而且为作物驯化过程中高效育种改良提供新思路。本研究介绍了可变剪切的特点、功能与机制,总结了可变剪切在生物信息学领域的研究方法以及在动植物中的研究进展。
Abstract：Alternative splicing is an important mechanism to regulate gene expression and produce proteome diversity, which is also a significant reason for large differences in eukaryotic genes and proteins. Alternative splicing in eukaryotes is ubiquitous, coordinated by multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, and plays a key role in tissue-and species-specific differentiation patterns. The role and localization of cis-acting elements in the expression of genes influenced by alternative splicing have regulatory effects on the growth and development of plants, signal transduction, biotic and abiotic stress. During the evolution process,some splices are beneficial and can be retained as functional alternative splicing events. However, how to distinguish between splicing errors and biologically functional alternative splicing events remains an open question. The research on the function and mechanism of alternative splicing provides a theoretical basis for cultivating nutrient elements for efficient use of crop varieties, and can provide new ideas for efficient breeding and improvement in crop domestication. In this review, the characteristics, functions and mechanisms of alternative splicing are introduced, and the research methods of alternative splicing in bioinformatics and the research progress in animals and plants are summarized.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13417/j.gab.039.001595
中图分类号:Q75
引用信息:
[1]逄洪波,解元坤,李嘉琦,等.可变剪切在动植物中的研究进展[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2020,39(04):1595-1600.DOI:10.13417/j.gab.039.001595.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(31670211; 31100176);; 辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2015020582);; 沈阳市科技局项目(F16-205-1-33);; 辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目(LQN201714);; 沈阳师范大学重点孵化项目(054-51412113)共同资助
2019-04-08
2019-04-08
2019-04-08