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本研究从曲霉型(Aspergillus)豆豉(Douchi)中筛选分离出一株新的菌株——贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)JXNUWXY23,该菌在豆豉发酵过程中发挥关键作用，能够有效降解纤维素并形成风味物质。为研究菌株JXNUWXY23的代谢机制，对其产生的挥发性风味物质进行气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)测定，并对其全基因组进行测序分析。GC-MS分析结果表明，豆豉发酵过程中吡嗪类物质含量最多，占69.42%,其中2,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪是形成豆豉香气的重要化合物。全基因组学分析表明，该菌株全基因组长度为3 993 397 bp,其中共有3 893个基因被编码，与编码碳水化合物活性酶相关的基因有134个。基于GC-MS分析以及基因注释结果，推测贝莱斯芽孢杆菌JXNUWXY23可能通过内切葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶将纤维素分解成葡萄糖，这些葡萄糖通过参与糖酵解和TCA循环，转化为风味物质前体，如乙醇、乳酸、乙偶姻以及二磷酸尿苷葡萄糖等。本研究不仅揭示了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在豆豉发酵过程中的代谢机制，而且为优化豆豉发酵工艺和提升产品品质提供了理论基础。
Abstract：In this study, a new strain, Bacillus velezensis JXNUWXY23, was isolated from Aspergillus type Douchi. This strain plays a key role in the fermentation process of Douchi and can effectively degrade cellulose contributing to flavor compound formation. To investigate metabolic mechanisms of strain JXNUWXY23, the volatile flavor compounds produced by this strain were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), and its genome was sequenced. The GC-MS analysis revealed that pyrazines were the most abundant volatile compounds, accounting for 69.42% of the total. Among these, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine was identified as a key contributor to the aroma of Douchi. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that the strain had a total genome size of 3 993 397 bp, encoding 3 893 genes. Notably, 134 of these genes were associated with carbohydrate active enzymes. Based on GC-MS and gene annotation results, it was speculated that Bacillus velezensis JXNUWXY23 likely degrades cellulose into glucose via endoglucanase and β-glucosidase. The resulting glucose entered glycolysis and the TCA cycle, generating flavor precursors such as ethanol, lactate, acetoin, and UDP-glucose. This study not only elucidate the metabolic pathways of Bacillus velezensis in Douchi fermentation but also provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing fermentation processes and improving product quality.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13417/j.gab.044.000923
中图分类号:TS264.24;TS201.3
引用信息:
[1]叶桦清,杨林,王筱兰.贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在豆豉发酵中的风味物质及全基因组测序分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2025,44(09):923-940.DOI:10.13417/j.gab.044.000923.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(22308137); 江西省自然科学基金青年基金项目(20232BAB213041);江西省自然科学基金重点项目(20232ACB203012)共同资助