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植物病原严重影响作物的生长和产量形成,是威胁全球粮食安全的重大生物胁迫。明确病原体致病致害机制,解析作物抗性机制并使植物获得广谱、持久且完全的抗病性是十分艰巨的挑战。近年来,越来越多的生产经验和基础研究发现,必需微量元素除保障植物完成其生活周期外,在植物的抗病及耐受过程中也具有非常重要的作用。必需微量元素的丰缺水平、在细胞及组织间的分配以及受病原菌侵染后的再分配过程受病原体侵染的影响,一方面能通过强化细胞壁等物理屏障、激活植物体内抗菌类物质的合成和分泌,阻碍病原菌的入侵、增殖及其通过维管束的扩散;另一方面也可通过调控水杨酸等介导的系统获得性抗性或通过活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)爆发的稳态调控促进植物获得早期抗性和系统性抗性。由此可见,必需微量元素是调控严谨、层级丰富、协同高效的植物防御及免疫系统中的重要组成部分。因此,阐明元素迁移、积累、同化与植物抗病性的关系及作用机理,在此基础上优化微量元素供给策略、精准改良作物中的相关蛋白,有望开发出便捷、高效、低成本的病害防治策略,并为抗病品种的选育提供理论基础。
Abstract：Plant pathogens severely impact crop growth and yield formation,posing significant biological threats to global food security.Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of pathogens,deciphering crop resistance mechanisms,and conferring plants with broadspectrum,durable,and complete disease resistance remain formidable challenges.In recent years,growing empirical evidence and fundamental research have revealed that essential trace elements not only ensure the successful completion of the plant life cycle but also play crucial roles in plant disease resistance.The availability of essential trace elements,their distribution within cells and tissues,and their redistribution upon pathogen infection are influenced by pathogen infection.Simultaneously,these elements contribute to plant defense by reinforcing physical barriers such as cell walls,activating the synthesis and secretion of antimicrobial compounds to inhibit pathogen invasion,proliferation,and spread through vascular system.They can promote plants to acquire early resistance and systemic resistance through the regulation of systemic acquired resistance mediated by salicylic acid,or through the steady-state regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) burst.Thus,essential trace elements are integral components of a finely regulated,multi-layered,and synergistic plant defense and immune system.Elucidating the relationships between and uncovering the mechanisms on the element translocation,accumulation,assimilation,and plant disease resistance will highlight the strategies on optimizing trace element supply and precisely improving the related proteins in crops.These advances hold promise for developing convenient,efficient,and low-cost disease control strategies,and will provide a theoretical foundation for improving disease-resistant crops.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13417/j.gab.045.000332
中图分类号:S432
引用信息:
[1]徐志鹏,唐海洋,臧仕骏,等.必需微量元素增强植物抗病与耐受性的研究进展[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2026,45(02):332-344.DOI:10.13417/j.gab.045.000332.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(32170276、 32370285、 32272053); 长江大学“大学生创新创业训练计划”项目(YZ2024223)共同资助
2026-01-13
2026-01-13
2026-01-13