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植物花器官的发育和开花是植物生殖发育中最重要的过程,植物在长期的进化过程中产生了春化(低温)途径、自主途径、光周期途径以及不依赖于光温环境条件的赤霉素信号途径来适应多变的环境和调控植物开花过程。本文综述了模式植物拟南芥中由LEAFY(LFY)、CONSTANS(CO)、FLOWERING LOCUSC(FLC)、FLOW ERING LOCUS T(FT)和SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1(SOC1)等基因构成的双子叶植物响应光温条件变化的开花调控网络;以及大麦、小麦中由VERNALIZATION1(VRN1)、VRN2、ODD-SOC2(OS2)和拟南芥CO、FT同源基因构成的禾本科植物开花调控网络。其中最重要的是转录调控因子MADS-box基因FLC、SOC1、VRN1和OS2,并发现组蛋白的乙酰化/脱乙酰化,赖氨酸的甲基化/脱甲基化在调控FLC、VRN1染色质活性状态及基因表达,从而产生开花控制的机理。这些研究发现将有助于对具有重要经济价值的单双子叶植物,通过生物技术手段改良其品种特性以应对非生物逆境,特别是低温胁迫的指导。
Abstract：The success of floral formation and flowering are the most important processe in plant's reproduction. Three genetic pathways control flowering time, which are autonomous/vernalization pathway, photoperiodic pathway and day-length independent/gibberellin-dependent pathway, and these three pathways constitute a common feature in dicotyledonous plants after long-term evolution. In this paper, we mainly review two regulatory networks that control flowering in Arabidopsis and temperate cereal, the former network is mainly constructed by LEAFY (LFY), CONSTANS (CO), FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 (SOC1), the latter by VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1), VRN2, ODDSOC2(OS2) and Arabidopsis homologous genes CO and FT. Of which, the most important transcription factor MADS-box genes FLC, SOC1, VRN1 and OS2. Recent studies have elucidated that histone acetylation/deacetylation and lysine methylation/demethylation play an important role in controlling flowering through regulation of FLC, VRN1 chromatin activity status and quantity of gene expression. All these findings would contribute to Monocotyledons and Dicotyledonous plants with important economic value, via biotechnologies to improve variety of characteristics in response to abiotic stresses, especially low temperature stress.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:Q943
引用信息:
[1]李元元,王鲁,苏振刚,等.MADS-box基因控制植物成花的分子机理[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2010,29(06):1122-1132.
基金信息:
国家烟草专卖局科学基金项目(110-200601008)资助
2010-12-28
2010-12-28