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辐射诱变育种是在人工控制的条件下,利用中子、质子或者射线等物理辐射诱变因素对种子进行辐照,诱发其染色体的数量、结构和行为变异,从而得到可供利用的突变体,并在此基础上进一步培育出新的种质资源的一种新兴的育种技术。本文以水稻、小麦、大豆、花卉和林木等材料所做的辐照试验为依托,综述了国内外在辐射诱变育种方面所取得的成就,分析了该技术的作用机理、特点、优势、适用范围及其发展历程,并对其发展方向和应用前景做出了展望。其主旨在于提高人们对辐射诱变育种技术在农业生产中应用的价值、意义及其前景的认识,并为该技术的进一步发展和应用提供参考与借鉴,以期促进现代化物理农业工程的发展和应用,提高人民的生活水平与质量。
Abstract：Radiation mutation breeding is in manually controlled conditions, using the neutron and proton or physics such as is a ray radiation mutagenesis factors on the seeds irradiation, induce the chromosome number, structure and behavior variation, thus obtains the available for mutants, and on this basis to further cultivate new germplasm resources of a new kind of breeding technology. This article based on rice, wheat, soybeans, flower, wood materials such as do irradiation test to rely on, summarized domestic and foreign the achievement which obtains in the radiation mutation breeding aspect, has analyzed this technical action mechanism, the characteristic, the superiority, the applicable scope and the development process, and has made the forecast to its development direction and the application prospect. Its primary intention lies in enhances the people to radiate the mutation breeding technology in the agricultural production the application value, the significance and the prospect understanding, and provides for this technology's further development and the application refers and uses for reference, in order to promote the development of modern physics and application of agricultural engineering and improve people's living standards and quality.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:S335
引用信息:
[1]杨兆民,张璐.辐射诱变技术在农业育种中的应用与探析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2011,30(01):87-91.
2011-02-28
2011-02-28