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本研究以配合饲料替代冰鲜鱼投喂高体鰤(Seriola dumerili)幼鱼后，探讨其下丘脑和垂体中生长、摄食、代谢及免疫相关基因的表达，揭示配合饲料在脑水平对其生长、免疫、代谢调控的分子机制。结果显示，高体鰤幼鱼下丘脑和垂体转录组测序分别筛选和鉴定了2 416个(960个上调，1 456个下调)和251个(83个上调，168个下调)差异表达基因(differential expression genes, DEGs)。KEGG富集分析显示，下丘脑中DEGs主要在Toll样受体、 NOD受体、 RIG-I样受体、 MAPK、 C型凝集素受体等通路中显著富集；垂体中DEGs主要在戊糖磷酸途径、孕酮介导的卵母细胞成熟通路、补体和凝血级联反应、卵母细胞减数分裂、果糖和甘露糖代谢等信号通路中显著富集，表明配合饲料显著影响了鱼体的免疫、代谢以及细胞增殖和分裂等多种生理过程。qPCR结果显示，与冰鲜鱼组相比，配合饲料投喂组下丘脑中生长抑素基因ss及垂体中sstr、ghrhr、igfbp4、igf2、igf1rb基因显著下调；下丘脑促食因子基因(npy)显著下调，但抑食因子基因(cart1、pomc)显著上调，表明投喂配合饲料口感欠佳，会抑制高体鰤幼鱼的摄食能力，导致其生长缓慢。此外，投喂配合饲料后脂质合成相关基因(pparg、dgat2)及促炎因子基因(tlr5、tlr2、il-8及il-1β)显著下调，而糖酵解相关基因(pfkma、pfkmb及aldoa)显著上调，表明配合饲料可促进高体鰤幼鱼对糖类的摄取并提高其免疫性能，并且配合饲料中含有丰富的脂肪酸，可满足鱼体正常生理需求，故投喂配合饲料后高体鰤幼鱼的脂质合成能力降低。本研究证明了在高体鰤养殖过程中人工配合饲料替代冰鲜杂鱼的可行性，但需进一步调整饲料配方以改善适口性和生长性能。
Abstract：This study investigates the effects of formula feed as a substitute for chilled trash fish on the expression of growth, ingestion, metabolism, and immune-related genes in the hypothalamus and pituitary of juvenile greater amberjack(Seriola dumerili). The findings reveal the molecular mechanisms by which formula feed regulates growth, immunity, and metabolism at the brain level. The RNA-seq results showed that 2 416(960 up-and 1 456 down-regulated) and 251(83 up-and 168 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were screened and identified in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of juvenile greater amberjack, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs in the hypothalamus were significantly enriched in signaling pathways associated with Toll-like receptors, NOD receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, MAPK and C-type lectin receptors. DEGs in the pituitary were significantly enriched in pathways related to pentose phosphate pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, complement and coagulation cascade, oocyte meiosis, and fructose and mannose metabolism. These results indicated that the formulated feed significantly affected various physiolo-gical processes in fish, including immunity, metabolism, as well as cell proliferation and division. The qPCR results showed that the expression levels of somatostatin(ss) genes in the hypothalamus and sstr, ghrhr, igfbp4, igf2, and igf1rb genes in the pituitary were significantly down-regulated in the compound feed group compared to the chilled trash fish group. Notably, the hypothalamic appetite-promoting factor(npy) was significantly down-regulated, while food-inhibiting factors(cart1, pomc) were significantly up-regulated, indicating that poor palatability of the formulated feed can inhibit the feeding ability of juvenile greater amberjack, leading to slow growth. Additionally, genes related to lipid synthesis(pparg, dgat2) and pro-inflammatory factors(tlr5, tlr2, il-8, il-1β) were significantly down-regulated after feeding compound feed, whereas genes related to glycolysis(pfkma, pfkmb and aldoa) were significantly up-regulated, indicating that compound feed can promote carbohydrate uptake and improve the immune performance of juvenile greater amberjack. Furthermore, the abundant fatty acids in compound feed can meet the normal physiological needs of fish, which leads to a decrease in the lipid synthesis ability of juvenile greater amberjack after feeding. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using compound feeds as a substitute for chilled trash fish in the culture of greater amberjack, although further adjustments to the feed formula are required to improve palatability and growth performance.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13417/j.gab.044.000889
中图分类号:S965.399
引用信息:
[1]李晓净,茹笑影,黄洋,等.配合饲料替代冰鲜鱼投喂高体鰤幼鱼下丘脑、垂体转录组分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2025,44(09):889-907.DOI:10.13417/j.gab.044.000889.
基金信息:
广东海洋大学项目(030301022301); 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江)(ZJW-2023-10); 广东省现代化海洋牧场适养品种核心技术攻关项目(2024-MRB-00-001)共同资助