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尽管古菌在农田土壤生态系统物质、能量循环中的作用尚未系统揭示,但已有研究表明产甲烷古菌和氨氧化古菌等在甲烷排放、固氮等方面具有重要生态功能。本研究采用优化的变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)与克隆、序列测定相结合的方法,基于古菌16S V4~V5区分析我国水稻种植最常见的红壤地区稻田古菌在水稻生长不同时期的群落结构及多样性。在采集自江西省南昌地区的稻田土壤中,共检测到2个门、4个纲及5个目的古菌。作为主要优势类群,产甲烷菌纲(Methanomicrobia)丰度达49.15%;甲烷八迭球菌目(Methanosarcinales)丰度达39.45%。而氨氧化古菌属(Nitrosotalea)丰度也达6.07%。水稻分蘖期、灌浆期及成熟期稻田土壤古菌DGGE电泳条带数量及序列高度相似,分蘖期、灌浆期香农多样性指数未检测到具有统计学意义的差异(p=0.534)。成熟期香农多样性指数略高于分蘖期(p=0.017)和灌浆期(p=0.009),分析可能主要由土壤含水显著下降导致。红壤稻田的古菌群落结构在水稻生长期内能够基本保持稳定,是稻田古菌与人类耕作活动的长期共进化造成的。产甲烷菌中的优势类群——甲烷八迭球菌在水稻土壤中究竟是以消耗乙酸还是利用氢气/二氧化碳合成甲烷或两种代谢方式转换条件等方面研究,将有助于建立红壤水稻可持续耕作及红壤稻田酸化修复等的新方法。总之,稻田等农田生态系统中古菌的生态功能研究具有重要的理论意义和潜在应用价值,应予以高度重视。
Abstract：Although the role of Archaea in the material and energy cycle of paddy field ecosystem has not been systematically revealed,some recent studies have indicated that the methanogenic Archaea and ammonia-oxidizing Archaea have important ecological functions in the methane emission and nitrogen fixation.In this study,the optimized denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) method combined with cloning and sequencing was used,to analyze the community structure and diversity of Archaea in the red paddy soil area that is the most common region of rice cultivation in China during different periods of rice growth,based on the V4~V5 region of Archaea16 S.A total of 2 phylum,4 classes and 5 orders Archaea were identified in the paddy soil collected from Nanchang,Jiangxi.The abundance of Methanomicrobia and Methanosarcinales as the dominate groups were respectively49.15% and 39.45%,while the abundance of Nitrosotalea was 6.07%.The number and sequence of Archaea DGGE bands were highly similar at the stages of tillering,rice-filling and maturation.There was no significant difference of Shannon diversity indexes at the stages of tillering and grain-filling(p=0.534).The Shannon diversity index of the mature stage was slightly higher than that of the tillering stage(p=0.017) and the rice-filling stage(p=0.009),which might be caused by the significant decrease of water content in soil.The community structure of Archaea in red soil paddy fields remained stable during the rice-growing period,which might be caused by the long term co-evolution of Archaea and human farming activities.Whether Methanosarcinales,the dominant group of Methanomicrobia,could synthetize methane by consuming acetic acid or using hydrogen/carbon dioxide,or utilizing these two metabolic ways,such research would help establish new methods of sustainable cultivation of rice in red soil and remediation of acidified red soil.In conclusion,researches on the ecological function of Archaea in field ecosystem have important theoretical significance and potential application value,which should be highly emphasized.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13417/j.gab.037.001971
中图分类号:S154.3
引用信息:
[1]施嘉骏,梁玉勇,李晴,等.DGGE揭示红壤稻田以产甲烷菌为主的稳定古菌群落结构特征[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2018,37(05):1971-1977.DOI:10.13417/j.gab.037.001971.
基金信息:
转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2012ZX08011002)资助
2018-05-25
2018-05-25