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为了解广西种禽场鸡毒支原体（Mycoplasmagallisepticum，MG）感染情况，本研究对2023—2025年间从广西南宁、玉林和贵港的5个规模化种禽场采集的2482份样品（含1905 份咽拭子与577份啄壳不全鸡胚样品）进行病原核酸检测，并对166株代表性阳性样品进行mgc2基因相似性和进化树分析，同时对16株代表性菌株进行管家基因（atpG2、dnaA、fusA、rpoB、ruvB和uvrA）的多位点序列分型（multilocussequencetyping， MLST）分析。结果显示，广西地区总体MG阳性率为25.26%（627/2 482）；咽拭子阳性率为25.20%（480/1 905），啄壳不全鸡胚样品阳性率为25.48%（147/577）。瑶黑鸡阳性率最高，达40.89%（119/291）；产蛋上升期鸡（120-182d）的阳性率最高，为31.30%（123/393），育成鸡（43-119d）其次，为29.75% （141/474）。冬季MG阳性率高达36.58%，呈现明显的季节性。166株代表性阳性样品mgc2基因相似性介于73.3%～100%之间，基于mgc2基因系统发育分析，本研究代表性分离株形成7个主要分支，其中GXⅠ和GXⅡ为广西特有的进化分支，GXⅠ分支占比59.04%(98/166)，为广西地区优势分支且与常用疫苗株遗传进化关系较远。MLST分析显示，16株代表株分别归属6个新基因型（ST156-161），且ST157型为广西优势基因型，并鉴定出dnaA（type25）和fusA（type42）2个新等位基因。本研究所调查的广西南宁、玉林和贵港部分种禽场存在较高水平的MG核酸阳性率；GXⅠ和GXⅡ分支为广西特有，GXⅠ分支为优势分支且与常用疫苗株遗传进化关系较远；ST分型出现6个新基因型，其中ST 157为主要基因型。本研究丰富了广西地区鸡毒支原体的流行病学数据，揭示了广西地区鸡毒支原体的流行病学特征，为广西该病防控和净化提供了基础数据支撑和理论依据。
Abstract：To investigate the infection status of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in breeder poultry farms in the Guangxi region， this study conducted pathogen nucleic acid testing on 2 482 samples， including 1，905 throat swabs and 577 samples of live pipping failure embryos collected from 5 large-scale breeder poultry farms in Nanning， Yulin and Guigang from 2023 to 2025. The mgc2 gene similarity and phylogenetic tree analysis were performed for 166 representative positive sample strains， and the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of the housekeeping genes (atpG2， dnaA， fusA， rpoB， ruvB and uvrA) was conducted for 16 representative strains. The results showed that the overall MG positive rate in Guangxi was 25.26% (627/2 482)， the positive rate of throat swabs was 25.20% (480/1 905)， and the positive rate of live pipping failure embryo samples was 25.48% (147/577). The Yaohei chicken breed had the highest positive rate of 40.89% (119/291); chickens at the egg-laying rising stage (120-182 days) showed the highest positive rate of 31.30% (123/393)， followed by growing chickens (43-119 days)， at 29.75% (141/474). The MG positive rate in winter was as high as 36.58%， demonstrating a significant seasonal pattern. The similarities of the mgc2 gene of 166 representative strains ranged from 73.3% to 100%， and the phylogenetic tree was divided into 7 distinct clusters. Among them， GXⅠ and GXⅡ were the unique clusters in Guangxi， with the GXⅠ cluster accounting for 59.04% (98/166)， being the dominant cluster in Guangxi. The MLST analysis showed that all 16 representative strains were respectively assigned to six new genotypes (ST 156-161)， and the ST 157 type was the dominant genotype in Guangxi. Additionally， two new alleles， dnaA (type 25) and fusA (type 42)， were identified. This study indicates that the MG infection is severe in Guangxi breeder farms; the GXⅠ and GXⅡ clusters are unique to Guangxi， and the GXⅠ cluster is the dominant branch and has a relatively distant genetic evolutionary relationship with the commonly used vaccine strains. A total of six new genotypes appeared in the ST typing， among which ST 157 is the dominant genotype. This study enriches the epidemiological data of MG in the Guangxi region， reveals the epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolution patterns of MG in the Guangxi region， and provides a scientific basis for the prevention， control and eradication of this disease in Guangxi.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:S858.31
引用信息:
[1]王琪,张成宇,杨日旺,等.2023—2025年广西部分地区种禽场鸡毒支原体流行病学调查及分子特征分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学().
基金信息:
广西重点研发计划（桂科农AB2506910009）; 广西科技重大专项（桂科AA23062050）; 横向项目（21600-3-2024-HXXM005340）共同资助
2026-09-30
2026-09-30
2026-09-30