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氮作为植物必需的大量营养元素,是叶绿素、氨基酸和核酸等关键生命物质的重要组成成分。硝酸盐作为农业土壤及众多自然生态系统中植物可利用的主要氮源,其高效利用对保障粮食安全至关重要。然而,在全球人口持续增长和气候变化加剧的背景下,当前作物生产仍高度依赖大量氮肥投入。氮肥利用率低下不仅造成生产成本增加和资源浪费,更引发了一系列环境问题。因此,深入揭示植物硝酸盐转运的分子调控机制,并探究其在豆科植物根瘤共生固氮中的作用,对培育氮高效作物品种,及优化氮素营养管理策略具有重要的科学价值与实践意义。本文系统综述了植物硝酸盐转运系统的组成与功能,及其与钙信号、激素信号和磷营养等途径的互作调控网络;同时,总结了硝酸盐调控豆科植物结瘤与固氮的关键过程与分子基础,以期为深入解析作物氮高效利用机制、推动农业可持续发展提供理论依据。
Abstract：Nitrogen is an essential element for plants,and it acts as a key component of critical biomolecules such as chlorophyll,amino acids,and nucleic acids.As the primary source of available nitrogen in agricultural soils and many natural ecosystems,the efficient utilization of nitrate is crucial for ensuring global food security.However,driven by continuous global population growth and intensifying climate change,crop production still heavily relies on substantial nitrogen fertilizer inputs.The low efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use not only increases production costs and leads to resource wastage but also causes a series of environmental problems.Therefore,elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms of nitrate transport in plants and exploring its role in symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume hold significant scientific value and practical importance for developing nitrogen-efficient crop varieties and optimizing nitrogen nutrient management strategies.This review systematically summarizes the composition and function of plant nitrate transporters,as well as their interactive regulatory networks with calcium signaling,hormonal signaling,and phosphorus nutrition pathways.Furthermore,it outlines the key processes and molecular basis of nitrate-mediated regulation of nodulation and nitrogen fixation in legumes,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for further deciphering the mechanisms of nitrogen use efficiency in crops and promoting sustainable agricultural development.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13417/j.gab.045.000284
中图分类号:Q945.13
引用信息:
[1]刘炳盛,刘倩,田鑫月,等.硝酸盐主要转运途径与信号调控在植物氮营养及豆科固氮中的研究综述[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2026,45(02):284-302.DOI:10.13417/j.gab.045.000284.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32370284); 土壤与农业可持续发展全国重点实验室揭榜挂帅项目(SKLSSA2503)共同资助
2026-04-25
2026-04-25