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基因组编辑技术利用核酸酶对特定基因序列进行特异性切割，随后借助细胞内的自然修复机制，实现对基因的定向编辑。基因编辑技术经过不断地开发与改造，向着特异性更强、操作效率更高、适用性更广泛的方向发展。对于CRISPR/Cas(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein)系统的开发拓宽了基因编辑技术的应用前景。在合成生物学中，CRISPR/Cas系统已经广泛应用于底盘细胞的改造，通过对底盘细胞的基因组精简、转录和翻译调控，以及合成途径的改造，可以有效地降低细胞的代谢负担，减少抑制细胞生长的代谢副产物和有毒性或会对目标产物合成产生负面影响的物质。本文简要介绍了基因组编辑技术的发展历程，着重阐述CRISPR技术的研究进展，并强调了基因编辑技术在底盘细胞改良与代谢工程中的应用多样性，最后展望了基因编辑技术在合成生物学的发展趋势。
Abstract：Genome editing technology utilizes nucleases to specifically cleave target gene sequences and subsequently harnesses the cell′s natural repair mechanisms to achieve targeted gene editing. Genome editing technology has been continuously developed and improved, moving towards higher specificity, greater operational efficiency, and broader applicability. In recent years, the development of the CRISPR/Cas(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) system has further expanded the application prospects of gene editing technology. In synthetic biology, the CRISPR/Cas system has been widely used to modify chassis cells. By streamlining the genome of chassis cells, regulating transcription and translation, and modifying synthetic pathways, the metabolic burden of cells can be effectively reduced, and the production of metabolic by-products that inhibit cell growth and toxic substances or substances that negatively affect the synthesis of target products can be decreased. This article briefly introduces the development history of genome editing technology, focuses on the research progress of CRISPR technology, emphasizes the diverse applications of gene editing technology in chassis cell improvement and metabolic engineering, and finally prospects the development trend of gene editing technology in synthetic biology.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13417/j.gab.044.000764
中图分类号:Q789
引用信息:
[1]姜康佳,马涌洁,许景博,等.基因组编辑技术的优化发展及其在底盘细胞改良与代谢工程中的应用[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2025,44(07):764-780.DOI:10.13417/j.gab.044.000764.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(22308120,22208124); 广东省科技计划项目(2024B1111130001); 中国博士后科学基金项目(2023M731333); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2233300007)共同资助
2025-07-25
2025-07-25